Floriano Peixoto

For other uses, see Floriano Peixoto (disambiguation).

In this Portuguese name, the first or maternal family name is Vieira and the second or paternal family name is Peixoto.

His Excellency Marshal Floriano Peixoto
Marshal Floriano in 1891
President of Brazil
In office 23 November 1891 – 15 November 1894
Vice President	None
Preceded by	Deodoro da Fonseca
Succeeded by	Prudente de Morais
Vice President of Brazil
In office 26 February 1891 – 23 November 1891
President	Deodoro da Fonseca
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Manuel Vitorino
Justice of the Superior Military Court
In office 26 February 1891 – 29 June 1895
Nominated by	Deodoro da Fonseca
Preceded by	Hermes Ernesto da Fonseca
Succeeded by	Carlos Machado Bittencourt
Minister of War
In office 19 April 1890 – 22 January 1891
President	Deodoro da Fonseca
Preceded by	Eduardo Wandenkolk
Succeeded by	Antônio Falcão da Frota
President of the Mato Grosso Province
In office 13 September 1884 – 5 October 1885
Preceded by	Baron of Batovi
Succeeded by	José Joaquim Ramos Ferreira
Personal details
Born	(1839-04-30)30 April 1839 Maceió, Alagoas, Empire of Brazil
Died	29 June 1895(1895-06-29) (aged 56) Barra Mansa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Political party	Independent
Spouse	Josina Vieira de Araújo Peixoto ​ ​ (m. 1872)​
Children	8
Parents	Manuel Vieira de Araújo Peixoto (father) Ana Joaquina de Albuquerque (mother)
Alma mater	Praia Vermelha Military School
Signature
Nickname(s)	"The Consolidator of the Republic" "The Iron Marshal" "The Sphinx"
Military service
Allegiance	Empire of Brazil Republic of the United States of Brazil
Branch/service	Imperial Brazilian Army Brazilian Army
Years of service	1857-1884 1885-1891 1894-1895
Rank	Marshal
Commands	9th Infantry Battalion 3rd Horse Artillery Regiment Pernambuco War Arsenal Commander of Arms of Mato Grosso Army Adjutant General Court Garrison Rio de Janeiro Garrison
Battles/wars	Paraguayan War Battle of Tuyutí Battle of Ytororó Battle of Lomas Valentinas Battle of Angostura Federalist Revolution Brazilian Naval Revolt

Marshal Floriano Vieira Peixoto (Portuguese pronunciation: [floɾiˈɐ̃nu viˈe(j)ɾɐ pe(j)ˈʃotu] 30 April 1839 – 29 June 1895), born in Ipioca (today a district of the city of Maceió in the State of Alagoas), nicknamed "The Iron Marshal", was a Brazilian military and politician, a veteran of the Paraguayan War and several other conflicts, and the second president of Brazil. He was the first vice president of Brazil to have succeeded the president mid-term and is widely considered the most popular brazilian leader in all of brazilian history.

Election

Monument to Marshal Floriano Peixoto, by Eduardo de Sá, in Downtown Rio de Janeiro

Peixoto was an army marshal when elected vice president in February 1891, he gained notoriety throughout his life for his strong abolitionist, anti-racist and anti-corruption stance. In November 1891, he rose to the presidency after the resignation of generalissimo Deodoro da Fonseca, the first president of Brazil. Peixoto came to the presidency in a difficult period of the new Brazilian Republic, which was in the midst of a general political and economic crisis made worse by the effects of the bursting of the Encilhamento economic bubble, but his policies successfully put an end to the successive economic crises that had plagued the country since 1889 and in a short period of time the economy stabilized and grew again. As vice president, he had also served as the President of the Senate.

Presidency

His government was marked by several revolutions and immense popular support. Peixoto defeated a naval officers' rebellion against him in 1893–1894 and the Federalist Revolution in the States of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná, with the use of strength during the same year to maintain territorial integrity.

His government was marked by an increased centralization of power, republicanism, patriotism, nationalism and for the fervent criticism of monarchy, with the florianista cult of personality being the first phenomenon of a favorable political expression towards a republican politician in Brazil.

Legacy

He is often referred to as "The Consolidator of the Republic", "The Iron Marshal" or "The Sphinx". He left the presidency on 15 November 1894, with great popularity, support and admiration between the brazilian people (especially the poorest), he was responsible for the consolidation of the First Brazilian Republic and for his remarkable deeds he is widely considered a national hero to the brazilians. He died of cirrhosis on June 29, 1895 at the age of 56, his body was buried with full military honors in a state funeral attended by more than half a million people, the new brazilian president Prudente de Morais declared three days of national mourning in marshal Peixoto's honor.

"Nossa Senhora do Desterro", the capital of the state of Santa Catarina, was renamed Florianópolis after the defeat of the rebels in the city by marshal Peixoto's troops at the end of the Federalist Revolution.

Marshal Floriano Peixoto was considered by Veja magazine as the most charismatic, popular, successful and influential brazilian leader in all brazilian history.

External links

Media related to Floriano Peixoto at Wikimedia Commons