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Greens–European Free Alliance

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The Greens/European
Free Alliance
European Parliament group
NameThe Greens/European Free Alliance
English abbr.Greens/EFA[1]
French abbr.Verts/ALE[2]
Formal nameParliamentary Group of The Greens/European Free Alliance in the European Parliament
IdeologyGreen politics[3]
Regionalism[3]
Minority politics[3]
Pro-Europeanism
Political positionCentre-left[4] to left-wing[5]
European partiesEuropean Green Party
European Free Alliance
European Pirate Party
Volt Europa[6][7]
From1999; 25 years ago (1999)
Preceded byThe Green Group
European Radical Alliance
Chaired byPhilippe Lamberts
Terry Reintke
MEP(s)
53 / 720
Websitegreens-efa.eu

The Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) is a political group of the European Parliament composed primarily of green and regionalist political parties.[8][9][10]

The group consists of five distinct European political parties, namely the larger European Green Party (EGP) and part of the European Free Alliance (EFA)[11] and the smaller European Pirate Party (PPEU), Volt Europa (Volt), and part of Animal Politics EU (APEU).

History[edit]

Formed following the 1999 European elections for the 5th European Parliament, The group has generally limited its membership to progressive parties.[12] These European parties are joined by MEPs from non-aligned national parties, which have included the Dutch Europe Transparent (2004–2009) and the Swedish (2009–2014), German (2014–) and Czech (2019–) Pirate Parties.[13]

10th European Parliament[edit]

On 19 July 2024, the group elected Bas Eickhout, and re-elected Terry Reintke, as Co-Presidents of the group.[14]

Group members[edit]

10th European Parliament[edit]

Greens–European Free Alliance has MEPs in 17 member states. Dark green indicates member states sending multiple MEPs, light green indicates member states sending a single MEP.
Virginijus Sinkevičius, European Commissioner from Lithuania.
Czech Pirate Party members of the Greens/EFA Markéta Gregorová and Marcel Kolaja
State National party European party MEPs
 Austria The Greens – The Green Alternative EGP               
2 / 20
 Belgium Ecolo EGP
1 / 8
Green EGP
1 / 12
Croatia Croatia We can! EGP
1 / 12
Czech Republic Czech Republic Czech Pirate Party PPEU
1 / 21
 Denmark Green Left EGP
3 / 15
 Finland Green League EGP
2 / 15
 France The Ecologists EGP
5 / 81
Germany Germany Alliance 90/The Greens EGP
12 / 96
Volt Germany Volt
3 / 96
Ecological Democratic Party EFA individual member
1 / 96
 Italy Green Europe EGP
3 / 76
 Latvia The Progressives EGP
1 / 9
 Lithuania Union of Democrats "For Lithuania" EGP
1 / 11
 Luxembourg The Greens EGP
1 / 6
 Netherlands GreenLeft EGP
4 / 31
Volt Netherlands Volt
2 / 31
Romania Romania Independent
Nicolae Ștefănuță
Independent
1 / 33
 Slovenia Vesna - Green Party EGP
1 / 9
Spain Spain Republican Left of Catalonia EFA
1 / 61
Galician Nationalist Bloc EFA
1 / 61
Catalunya en Comú EGP associate member
1 / 61
Coalició Compromís EGP/EFA
1 / 61
Sweden Sweden Green Party EGP
3 / 21
 European Union Total
53 / 720

9th European Parliament[edit]

State National party European party MEPs[15]
Austria Austria The Greens – The Green Alternative
Die Grünen – Die Grüne Alternative (Grüne)
EGP               
3 / 19
Belgium Belgium Ecolo EGP
2 / 8
Green
Groen
EGP
1 / 12
Czech Republic Czech Republic Czech Pirate Party
Česká pirátská strana (Piráti)
PPEU
3 / 21
Denmark Denmark Green Left
Socialistisk Folkeparti (SF)
EGP
2 / 14
Finland Finland Green League
Vihreä liitto (Vihr)
EGP
3 / 14
France France Europe Ecology – The Greens
Europe Écologie Les Verts (EELV)
EGP
10 / 79
Let's Do Corsica
Femu a Corsica (FaC)
EFA individual member
1 / 79
Breton Democratic Union
Unvaniezh Demokratel Breizh (UDB)
EFA
1 / 79
Germany Germany Alliance 90/The Greens
Bündnis 90/Die Grünen (Grüne)
EGP
21 / 96
Ecological Democratic Party
Ökologisch-Demokratische Partei (ÖDP)
EFA individual member
1 / 96
Pirate Party Germany
Piratenpartei Deutschland (Piraten)
PPEU
1 / 96
Volt Germany
Volt Deutschland
Volt
1 / 96
Independent
Nico Semsrott
Independent
1 / 96
Greece Greece Kosmos
Κόσμος
None
1 / 21
 Italy Territorial Equity Movement
Movimento Equità Territoriale (MET)
EFA individual member
1 / 76
Independents
Ignazio Corrao, Rosa D'Amato
Independent
2 / 76
Republic of Ireland Ireland Green Party
Comhaontas Glas
EGP
2 / 13
Lithuania Lithuania Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union
Lietuvos valstiečių ir žaliųjų sąjunga (LVŽS)
None
2 / 11
Luxembourg Luxembourg The Greens
Déi Gréng (DG)
EGP
1 / 6
Netherlands Netherlands GreenLeft
GroenLinks (GL)
EGP
3 / 29
Poland Poland Independent
Sylwia Spurek
Independent
1 / 52
Portugal Portugal Independent
Francisco Guerreiro
Independent
1 / 21
Romania Romania Independent
Nicolae Ștefănuță
Independent
1 / 33
Spain Spain Republican Left of Catalonia
Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (ERC)
EFA
2 / 59
Galician Nationalist Bloc
Bloque Nacionalista Galego (BNG)
EFA
1 / 59
Sweden Sweden Green Party
Miljöpartiet de gröna (MP)
EGP
3 / 21
 European Union Total
72 / 705

8th European Parliament[edit]

State National party European party MEPs 2014[16]
Austria Austria The Greens – The Green Alternative EGP
3 / 18
Belgium Belgium Ecolo EGP
1 / 21
Green EGP
1 / 21
Croatia Croatia ORaH[B 1] EGP
1 / 11
Denmark Denmark Socialist People's Party EGP
1 / 13
Estonia Estonia Indrek Tarand (independent) Independent[17]
1 / 6
Finland Finland Green League EGP
1 / 13
France France Europe Ecology – The Greens[B 2] EGP
6 / 74
Germany Germany Alliance '90/The Greens EGP
11 / 96
Pirate Party PPEU
1 / 96
Ecological Democratic Party None
1 / 96
Hungary Hungary Politics Can Be Different EGP
1 / 21
Dialogue for Hungary None
1 / 21
Italy Italy Federation of the Greens EGP
1 / 73
Latvia Latvia Latvian Russian Union EFA
1 / 8
Lithuania Lithuania Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union None
1 / 11
Luxembourg Luxembourg The Greens EGP
1 / 6
Netherlands Netherlands GreenLeft EGP
2 / 26
Spain Spain Republican Left of Catalonia[B 3] EFA
1 / 54
Initiative for Catalonia Greens EGP
1 / 54
Coalició Compromís EFA
1 / 54
New Catalan Left EFA
1 / 54
Slovenia Slovenia Verjamem None
1 / 8
Sweden Sweden Green Party EGP
4 / 20
United Kingdom United Kingdom Green Party of England and Wales EGP
3 / 73
Scottish National Party EFA
2 / 73
Plaid Cymru – Party of Wales EFA
1 / 73
 European Union
Total
52 / 751

7th European Parliament[edit]

State National party European party MEPs 2009[18]
Austria Austria The Greens – The Green Alternative EGP
2 / 19
Belgium Belgium Ecolo EGP
2 / 22
Green EGP
1 / 22
New Flemish Alliance[B 4] EFA
1 / 22
Denmark Denmark Socialist People's Party EGP
1 / 13
Estonia Estonia Indrek Tarand (independent) Independent[17]
1 / 6
Finland Finland Green League EGP
2 / 13
France France Europe Ecology – The Greens[B 2] EGP
15 / 74
Party of the Corsican Nation EFA
1 / 72
Germany Germany Alliance '90/The Greens EGP
14 / 99
Greece Greece Ecologist Greens EGP
1 / 22
Latvia Latvia Latvian Russian Union EFA
1 / 9
Luxembourg Luxembourg The Greens EGP
1 / 6
Netherlands Netherlands GreenLeft EGP
3 / 26
Spain Spain Republican Left of Catalonia[B 3] EFA
1 / 54
Initiative for Catalonia Greens EGP
1 / 54
Sweden Sweden Green Party EGP
2 / 20
Pirate Party PPEU
2 / 20
United Kingdom United Kingdom Green Party of England and Wales EGP
2 / 73
Scottish National Party EFA
2 / 73
Plaid Cymru – Party of Wales EFA
1 / 73
 European Union
Total
55 / 751

6th European Parliament[edit]

State National party European party MEPs 2004
Austria Austria The Greens – The Green Alternative EGP
2 / 19
Belgium Belgium Ecolo EGP
1 / 24
Green EGP
1 / 24
Denmark Denmark Socialist People's Party EGP
1 / 14
Finland Finland Green League EGP
1 / 14
France France Europe Ecology – The Greens[B 2] EGP
6 / 78
Party of the Corsican Nation EFA
1 / 78
Germany Germany Alliance '90/The Greens EGP
13 / 99
Italy Italy Federation of the Greens EGP
2 / 78
Latvia Latvia Latvian Russian Union EFA
1 / 9
Luxembourg Luxembourg The Greens EGP
1 / 6
Netherlands Netherlands GreenLeft EGP
2 / 23
Europe Transparent None
2 / 23
Romania Romania László Tőkés (independent)[B 5] Independent
1 / 35
Spain Spain Republican Left of Catalonia[B 3] EFA
1 / 54
Initiative for Catalonia Greens EGP
1 / 54
Sweden Sweden Green Party EGP
1 / 19
United Kingdom United Kingdom Green Party of England and Wales EGP
2 / 78
Scottish National Party EFA
2 / 78
Plaid Cymru – Party of Wales EFA
1 / 78
 European Union
Total
42 / 751
  1. ^ From 20 April 2016 the MEP Davor Škrlec become independent
  2. ^ a b c For 2019 it include Benoît Biteau, an independent politician
  3. ^ a b c Until 31 December 2011.
  4. ^ From 2004 to 2009 with EPP-ED and from 2014 with ECR
  5. ^ Realigned with the EPP since 2009

Group presidents[edit]

The Greens/EFA group is usually co-chaired by 2 presidents, at least one of them must be a woman.

Co-chairperson Took office Left office Country
(Constituency)
Party Co-chairperson Took office Left office Country
(Constituency)
Party
Paul Lannoye 1999 2004  Belgium
(French)

Ecolo
Heidi Hautala 1999 2004  Finland
Green League
Daniel Cohn-Bendit 2004 2014  Germany
Alliance 90/
The Greens
Monica Frassoni 2004 2009  Italy
(North-West)

Federation of the Greens
Rebecca Harms 2009 2016  Germany
Alliance 90/
The Greens
Philippe Lamberts 2014 present  Belgium
(French)

Ecolo
Ska Keller 2016 2022  Germany
Alliance 90/
The Greens
Terry Reintke 2022 present  Germany
Alliance 90/
The Greens

European Parliament results[edit]

Election year No. of
overall seats won
+/–
1999
48 / 626
Increase 48
2004
42 / 732
Decrease 6
2009
55 / 736
Increase 13
2014
50 / 751
Decrease 5
2019 (pre-Brexit)
74 / 751
[19]
Increase 24
2019 (post-Brexit)
69 / 705
Decrease 5

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Who we are". Archived 18 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Greens-efa.eu. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
  2. ^ "Qui sommes-nous ?" Archived 23 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Greens-efa.eu. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
  3. ^ a b c Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019). "European Union". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 8 June 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  4. ^ "The Greens – The Green Alternative". The Democratic Society. 3 February 2014. Archived from the original on 8 April 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
  5. ^ "Austrian government teeters as Greens seek options to oust PM Kurz". Reuters. 8 October 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
  6. ^ @EuropeElects (9 June 2019). "EU28: Volt Europa membership vote on..." (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  7. ^ Petitjean, Euranet Plus News Agency | Sophie (12 June 2019). "Volt Europa : "We need European solutions to European problems"".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Tapio Raunio (2012). "Political Interests: The European Parliament's Party Groups". In John Peterson; Michael Shackleton (eds.). The Institutions of the European Union. Oxford University Press. p. 341. ISBN 978-0-19-957498-8.
  9. ^ Andreas Staab (2011). The European Union Explained, Second Edition: Institutions, Actors, Global Impact. Indiana University Press. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-253-00164-1.
  10. ^ Lori Thorlakson (2013). "Federalism and the European Party System". In Alexander H. Trechsel (ed.). Towards a Federal Europe. Taylor & Francis. p. 72. ISBN 978-1-317-99818-1.
  11. ^ "Who we are". Greens-efa.eu. Archived 18 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ Gupta, Devashree (April 2008). "Nationalism across borders: transnational nationalist advocacy in the European Union". Comparative European Politics. 6 (1): 61–80. doi:10.1057/palgrave.cep.6110127. S2CID 144152782.
  13. ^ "VoteWatch Europe: European Parliament, Council of the EU" Archived 10 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Votewatch.eu. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
  14. ^ "GREENS/EFA Group elects Bas Eickhout and Terry Reintke as Co-Presidents". Greens/EFA Group. 19 June 2024.
  15. ^ "MEPs by Member State and political group". Retrieved 9 December 2022.
  16. ^ See the 2014 European Parliament election results.
  17. ^ a b "Indrek Tarand". European Parliament. Retrieved 19 October 2018.
  18. ^ "List of elected MEPs". Greens-efa.eu. Archived 9 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ "2019 Election Results". Election-Results.eu. Retrieved 26 May 2019.

External links[edit]