Flavian of Constantinople
Saint Flavian of Constantinople | |
|---|---|
 Saint Flavian, as depicted in the 11th century Menologion of Basil II. | |
| Patriarch of Constantinople, Martyr | |
| Died | 449 Hypaepa, Lydia, Asia Minor |
| Venerated in | Eastern Orthodox Church Catholic Church |
| Canonized | 451 by Council of Chalcedon |
| Major shrine | Relics venerated in Italy |
| Feast | February 18 |
Flavian (Latin: Flavianus; Greek: Φλαβιανός, Phlabianos; d. 11 August 449), sometimes Flavian I, was Archbishop of Constantinople from 446 to 449. He is venerated as a saint and martyr[1] by the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church.
Consecration as archbishop and imperial dispute[edit]
Flavian was a presbyter and the guardian of the sacred vessels of the great Church of Constantinople and, according to Nikephoros Kallistos Xanthopoulos, was reputed to lead a saintly life, when he was chosen to succeed Proclus as Archbishop of Constantinople.[2]
During his consecration, Roman Emperor Theodosius II was staying at Chalcedon. His eunuch Chrysaphius attempted to extort a present of gold to the Emperor but as he was unsuccessful, he began to plot against the new archbishop by supporting the archimandrite Eutyches in his dispute with Flavian.
Home Synod of Constantinople[edit]
Flavian presided at a council of forty bishops at Constantinople on November 8, 448, to resolve a dispute between the metropolitan bishop of Sardis and two bishops of his province. Eusebius, bishop of Dorylaeum, presented an indictment against Eutyches. The speech of Flavian remains, concluding with this appeal to the bishop of Dorylaeum: "Let your reverence condescend to visit him and argue with him about the true faith, and if he shall be found in very truth to err, then he shall be called to our holy assembly, and shall answer for himself." Eventually the synod deposed Eutyches.[3]
Second Council of Ephesus[edit]
However, Eutyches protested against this verdict and received the support of Pope Dioscorus I of Alexandria, and he fled to Alexandria. The Emperor Theodosius the Younger, already angered by Flavian's refusal to pay him the customary bribe, was persuaded by the eunuch Chrysaphius to convoke another Council to Ephesus. At this council, which assembled on August 8, 449, Eutyches was declared an orthodox teacher and reinstated, well Flavian was anathematized, deposed, and ordered into exile.[3]
Death and Martyrdom[edit]
At the previously mentioned Ephesus II at the crux of the Council the various leaders opposed to Eutyches' Monophysitism were variously assaulted.[4] In a notable example papal legate and future Pope Hilarius proclaimed "Contradicitur!" and fled with much difficulty. Flavian however refused to bend on any doctrine, and at the agitation of Dioscorus was then beaten, kicked, and trampled over by impudent monks led by a certain Barsumas.[5] Flavian succumbed to his injuries after three days at Epipus in Lydia, and was buried obscurely.[6]
Aftermath[edit]
Pope Leo I, whose legates had been ignored at the council, protested, first calling the council a "robber synod", and declared its decisions void.
After Theodosius II died in 450, his sister Pulcheria returned to power, marrying the officer Marcian, who became Emperor. The new Imperial couple had Flavian's remains brought to Constantinople[3] in a way that, in the words of a chronicler, more resembled "a triumph .. than a funeral procession". The Council of Chalcedon, called in 451, condemned Eutyches, confirmed Pope Leo's Tome (letter 28)[7] and canonized Flavian as a martyr.
In the Roman Catholic Church St. Flavian is commemorated on February 18, the date assigned to him in the Roman Martyrology. Flavian of Ricina is sometimes identified with him.[8][9]
See also[edit]
- St Fravitta of Constantinople, known as Flavian or Flavianus II in some sources
References[edit]
- ^ NewsRoom. "Memory of Saint Flavian, Patriarch of Constantinople | Orthodox Times (en)". https://orthodoxtimes.com/. Retrieved 2024-05-10.
{{cite web}}: External link in|website= - ^ Rudge, F.M. "St. Flavian." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 6 February 2019
- ^ a b c "St. Flavian the Confessor the Patriarch of Constantinople", Orthodox Church in America
- ^ "St. Flavian, Martyr, Archbishop of Constantinople | EWTN". EWTN Global Catholic Television Network. Retrieved 2024-05-10.
- ^ Scholasticus, Evagrius (593). Ecclesiastical History.
- ^ Comes, Marcellinus (534). Annales.
- ^ Pope Leo I. "Letter 28 - The Tome". New Advent. Retrieved 2011-02-18.
- ^ Borelli, Antonio. "San Flaviano di Ricina", Santi e Beati, February 23, 2005
- ^ Among the documents which touch on the career of Flavian are the reply of Petrus Chrysologus, archbishop of Ravenna, to a circular appeal of Eutyches, and various letters of Theodoret. Pope Leo I wrote Flavian a beautiful letter before hearing that he was dead.
Attribution
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wace, Henry; Piercy, William C., eds. (1911). "Flavianus (8), bp. of Constantinople". Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century (3rd ed.). London: John Murray.
- Evagrius. ii. 2. etc.
- Facund, Pro Trib. Capit. viii. 5; xii. 5.
- Leo. Mag. Epp. 23, 26, 27, 28, 44.
- Liberatus Diac. Breviar. xi. xii.
- Nicephorus, Constant. xiv. 47.
- Sozomen H. E. ix. 1.
- Theophanes the Confessor, Chronology pp. 84–88.
Bibliography[edit]
- Meyendorff, John (1989). Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450-680 A.D. The Church in history. Vol. 2. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 978-0-88-141056-3.
External links[edit]
- St Flavian of Constantinople Orthodox Synaxarion (February 18)
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