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Overview of the events of 1885 in science
The year 1885 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy [ edit ]
Biology [ edit ]
Chemistry [ edit ]
Earth sciences [ edit ]
Medicine [ edit ]
Meteorology [ edit ]
Physics [ edit ]
Psychology [ edit ]
Hermann Ebbinghaus publishes Über das Gedächtnis ("On Memory", later translated as Memory: a Contribution to Experimental Psychology ).
Technology [ edit ]
March 24 – George H. Pegram is granted a United States patent for the Pegram truss .[8]
April 3 – Gottlieb Daimler is granted a German patent for his single-cylinder water-cooled engine design.
August 29 – Gottlieb Daimler is granted a German patent for the Daimler Reitwagen , regarded as the first motorcycle , which he has produced with Wilhelm Maybach .[9] [10] [11]
September 30 – Tolbert Lanston makes his first application for a United States patent on a typesetting system which includes the basic Monotype System keyboard.
Autumn – Karl Benz produces the Benz Patent-Motorwagen , regarded as the first automobile (patented and publicly launched the following January).[12]
John Kemp Starley demonstrates the Rover safety bicycle , regarded as the first practical modern bicycle.[13]
The first, not yet practical, form of gyrocompass is patented by Marinus Gerardus van den Bos.[14]
Rufus Eastman patents the first known electric food mixer .[15] [16] [17]
Completion of the Home Insurance Building in Chicago , designed by William Le Baron Jenney . With ten floors and a fireproof weight-bearing metal frame, it is regarded as the first skyscraper .[18]
Completion of Sway Tower in Hampshire , England , designed by Andrew Peterson using concrete made with Portland cement . It remains the world's tallest non-reinforced concrete structure.[19] [20]
The Nipkow disk is patented by German scientist Paul Gottlieb Nipkow .
Institutions [ edit ]
January 24 – Marjory Stephenson (died 1948 ), English biochemist
January 26 – Harry Ricardo (died 1974 ), English mechanical engineer
March 23 – John Fraser (died 1947 ), Scottish surgeon
June 2 – Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt (died 1964 ), German neuropathologist
August 1 – George de Hevesy (died 1966 ), Hungarian Nobel laureate in chemistry
September 8 – Douglas Guthrie (died 1975 ), Scottish otolaryngologist and medical historian
September 16 – Karen Horney (died 1952 ), German-born psychoanalyst
October 7 – Niels Bohr (died 1962 ), Danish physicist
October 23 – Jan Czochralski (died 1953 ), Polish discoverer of the Czochralski process for growing crystals
October 26 – Niels Erik Nørlund (died 1981 ), Danish mathematician
November 7 – Sabina Spielrein (died 1942 ), Russian psychoanalyst
November 9 – Hermann Weyl (died 1955 ), German mathematician
December 2 – George Minot (died 1950 ), American Nobel laureate in physiology
February 1 – Sidney Gilchrist Thomas (born 1850 ), British inventor
February 8 – Nikolai Severtzov (born 1827 ), Russian explorer and naturalist
March 14 – Friedrich Theodor von Frerichs (born 1819 ), German medical pathologist
June 12 – Fleeming Jenkin (born 1833 ), English engineer
September 6 – Narcís Monturiol (born 1819), Catalan intellectual, artist and engineer, inventor of an early submarine
September 15 – Jumbo (born 1861 ), African elephant, killed in railroad accident
November 26 – Thomas Andrews (born 1813 ), Irish chemist
References [ edit ]
^ Feng, P.; Weagant, S.; Grant, M. (2002-09-01). "Enumeration of Escherichia coli and the Coliform Bacteria" . Bacteriological Analytical Manual (8th ed.). FDA/Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition. Archived from the original on 2009-05-19. Retrieved 2011-06-03 .
^ "Salmonella" . FDA/CFSAN Food Safety A to Z Reference Guide . FDA/Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. 2008-07-03. Archived from the original on 2009-03-02. Retrieved 2009-02-14 .
^ "History of Chemistry" . Intensive General Chemistry . Columbia University Department of Chemistry Undergraduate Program. Retrieved 2007-03-24 .
^ 1885–1908, 3 vols in 4. OCLC 2903551 .
^ Gilles de la Tourette (1885). "Etude sur une affection nerveuse charactérisée par de l'incoordination motrice accompagnée d'écholalie et de coprolalie (jumping, latah, myriachit)" . Archives de Neurologie . 9 : 19–42. Retrieved 2011-04-11 .
^ Magie, William Francis (1969). A Source Book in Physics . Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 360.
^ O'Connor, J. J.; Robertson, E. F. (2000). "Johann Jakob Balmer" . MacTutor History of Mathematics archive . University of St Andrews . Retrieved 2011-10-28 .
^ US 314262 , Pegram, George H., "Truss for Roofs and Bridges", published 1881-10-24, issued 1885-03-24
^ Gardiner, Mark (1997). Classic motorcycles . MetroBooks. p. 16. ISBN 978-1-56799-460-5 .
^ Brown, Roland (2005). The Ultimate History of Fast Motorcycles . Bath: Parragon. p. 6. ISBN 978-1-4054-5466-7 .
^ Wilson, Hugo (1993). The Ultimate Motorcycle Book . Dorling Kindersley. pp. 8–9 . ISBN 978-1-56458-303-1 .
^ Benz, Carl Friedrich (1925). Lebensfahrt eines deutschen erfinders; erinnerungen eines achtzigjahrigen . Leipzig: Koehler & Amelang.
^ "Icons of Invention: Rover safety bicycle, 1885" . Making the Modern World . Science Museum (London) . Archived from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-27 .
^ Galison, Peter (1987). How Experiments End . University of Chicago Press. pp. 34–37. ISBN 978-0-226-27915-2 . Retrieved 2012-02-18 .
^ U.S. patent 330,829 .
^ Katz, Solomon H.; Weaver, William Woys, eds. (2003). Encyclopedia of Food and Culture. 2 , Food production to Nuts . New York: Scribner. pp. 323–333. ISBN 978-0684805665 .
^ "Beat It" . Vegetarian Times . Active Interest Media, Inc. October 2002. pp. 69–70.
^ "Home Insurance Building" . SkyscraperPage . Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-27 .
^ James, J. (1997). All about Sway Tower . Lymington: Lymington Museum Trust.
^ Trout, Edwin (October 2002). "Sway Tower: an early example of high-rise concrete construction". Concrete : 64–5.
^ "Copley Medal | British scientific award" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 23 July 2020 .