Xinxiang

Coordinates: 35°18′13″N 113°55′36″E / 35.3036°N 113.9268°E / 35.3036; 113.9268
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Xinxiang
新乡市
Sinsiang
From top, left to right:
Official logo of Xinxiang
Xinxiang's location in Henan province
Xinxiang's location in Henan province
Xinxiang is located in Northern China
Xinxiang
Xinxiang
Location on the North China Plain
Xinxiang is located in China
Xinxiang
Xinxiang
Xinxiang (China)
Coordinates (Xinxiang municipal government): 35°18′13″N 113°55′36″E / 35.3036°N 113.9268°E / 35.3036; 113.9268
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceHenan
Municipal seatHongqi District
Government
 • Party ChiefLi Weidong(李卫东)
 • MayorWei Jianping(魏建平)
Area
 • Prefecture-level city8,629 km2 (3,332 sq mi)
 • Urban
431 km2 (166 sq mi)
 • Metro
3,390 km2 (1,310 sq mi)
Population
 (2020 census for total, 2018 otherwise)[2]
 • Prefecture-level city6,251,929
 • Density720/km2 (1,900/sq mi)
 • Urban
1,179,400
 • Urban density2,700/km2 (7,100/sq mi)
 • Metro
2,743,200
 • Metro density810/km2 (2,100/sq mi)
GDP[3][4]
 • Prefecture-level cityCN¥ 216.7 billion
US$ 32.6 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 37,805
US$ 5,692
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Area code0373
ISO 3166 codeCN-HA-07
Major NationalitiesHan
County-level divisions12
License plate prefixesG
Websitewww.xinxiang.gov.cn

Xinxiang (simplified Chinese: 新乡; traditional Chinese: 新鄉; pinyin: Xīnxiāng [ɕín.ɕjáŋ]; postal: Sinsiang) is a prefecture-level city in northern Henan province, China.

It borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to its southwest, Kaifeng to its southeast, Hebi and Anyang to its north, Jiaozuo to its west, and the provinces of Shanxi and Shandong to its northwest and east respectively.[5]

Its total population was 6,251,929 as of the 2020 Chinese Census. As of the 2018 estimation, 2,743,200 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of 4 urban districts (Weibin, Hongqi, Muye, Fenquan), Yanjin county, Xinxiang county and Huixian City which are now being conurbated as the city is expanding very quickly.[2]

History[edit]

Xinxiang was the site of the Battle of Muye where the Shang Dynasty was overthrown by the armies of King Wu of Zhou.[6] The region was first named Xinxiang in the 6th year of the Kaihuang era (586 AD) of the Sui dynasty, when Xinxiang county was established around a small market town.[7] Xinxiang also served as the capital of the short-lived Pingyuan Province, which administered the neighboring cities of Anyang, Hebi, Puyang, Jiaozuo and Heze between 1949 and 1952.[8]

In July 2021, Xinxiang was harshly impacted by the flooding in Henan, which affected about 470,000 people and over 55,000 hectares (140,000 acres) of cropland.[9]

Geography[edit]

Climate[edit]

Climate data for Xinxiang (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 18.9
(66.0)
24.8
(76.6)
29.0
(84.2)
36.1
(97.0)
38.0
(100.4)
40.9
(105.6)
40.5
(104.9)
37.7
(99.9)
36.8
(98.2)
34.3
(93.7)
27.7
(81.9)
23.9
(75.0)
40.9
(105.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 5.5
(41.9)
9.6
(49.3)
15.5
(59.9)
22.1
(71.8)
27.4
(81.3)
32.1
(89.8)
32.1
(89.8)
30.8
(87.4)
27.0
(80.6)
21.6
(70.9)
13.8
(56.8)
7.4
(45.3)
20.4
(68.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) 0.3
(32.5)
3.9
(39.0)
9.9
(49.8)
16.3
(61.3)
21.9
(71.4)
26.5
(79.7)
27.6
(81.7)
26.3
(79.3)
21.8
(71.2)
15.8
(60.4)
8.2
(46.8)
2.2
(36.0)
15.1
(59.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −3.7
(25.3)
−0.6
(30.9)
4.8
(40.6)
10.8
(51.4)
16.5
(61.7)
21.1
(70.0)
23.7
(74.7)
22.6
(72.7)
17.5
(63.5)
11.1
(52.0)
3.8
(38.8)
−1.9
(28.6)
10.5
(50.8)
Record low °C (°F) −13.9
(7.0)
−16.0
(3.2)
−6.2
(20.8)
−0.7
(30.7)
7.6
(45.7)
12.4
(54.3)
17.2
(63.0)
13.5
(56.3)
7.5
(45.5)
−0.9
(30.4)
−12.8
(9.0)
−11.5
(11.3)
−16.0
(3.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 5.6
(0.22)
8.8
(0.35)
14.1
(0.56)
31.1
(1.22)
42.6
(1.68)
66.4
(2.61)
163.5
(6.44)
120.2
(4.73)
62.2
(2.45)
29.1
(1.15)
20.0
(0.79)
4.7
(0.19)
568.3
(22.39)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 2.6 3.7 3.9 5.1 6.5 7.6 11.1 10.1 7.5 5.8 4.5 2.3 70.7
Average snowy days 3.3 3.1 1.1 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2 2.1 11
Average relative humidity (%) 59 57 55 59 60 61 76 78 73 68 67 61 65
Mean monthly sunshine hours 116.5 138.4 182.4 211.2 234.2 210.6 182.2 184.5 166.7 162.5 140.5 129.2 2,058.9
Percent possible sunshine 37 45 49 54 54 49 41 45 45 47 46 43 46
Source: China Meteorological Administration[10][11]

Pollution[edit]

According to a 2015 report by Greenpeace, Henan (Xinxiang's province) has the most severe air pollution of all the provinces in China, with an average PM2.5 concentration of 103.3 μg/m3 (micrograms per cubic meter).[12] The report found that Xinxiang has the 13th most polluted city air in China, with a PM2.5 concentration of 114.6 μg/m3 (over 11 times the safe limit established by the WHO) during the first quarter of 2015.[13][citation needed] Swiss firm IQAir reported that Xinxiang suffered from an average PM2.5 concentration of 51.5 μg/m3 in 2020, ranking 31st in China,[14] and 89th in the world.[15]

In 2015, environmental non-governmental organization Airman (Chinese: 好空气保卫侠) purchased wheat samples farmed in the town of Wangcun, in Xinxiang, near a battery factory, and found it had cadmium levels up to 17 times the national safe limit.[16] The following year, the group again purchased wheat samples in the towns of Dakuai [zh] and Wangcun,[17] and found cadmium levels up to 34.1 times the national safe limit.[16][18][19] Following this report, the Xinxiang municipal government launched a program to purchase contaminated wheat, and convert the farmland to other purposes.[16] However, again in 2017, the group purchased additional wheat samples, and found them to have cadmium levels up to 18 times the national limit, with all samples purchased exceeding national safety limits.[16] In response, government officials from the town of Dakuai met with the group, and pledged to further investigate the samples and stop growing wheat on contaminated farmland.[20]

Religion[edit]

Xinjiang Roman Catholics are served by the Apostolic Prefecture of Xinxiang (Latin: Sinsiang / Sinsiangen(sis)), which was established on July 7, 1936, on missionary territory split off from the then Apostolic Vicariate of Weihuifu (simplified Chinese: 卫辉府; traditional Chinese: 衛輝府) (now Diocese of Jixian). It is a pre-diocesan jurisdiction, which is exempt (i.e., directly subject to the Holy See and its missionary Roman Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples), and not part of any ecclesiastical province.

It has had the following incumbent Apostolic Prefects of Xinxiang (Roman Rite) :

  • Father Thomas Megan (米干), Divine Word Missionaries S.V.D.) (born USA) (1936.07.07 – retired 1948), died 1951
  • Fr. Johannes Schütte (舒德), S.V.D. (born Germany) (1948 – death 1971.11.18), also Superior General of Society of the Divine Word (Divine Word Missionaries) (1958.03.28 – 1967.12.15) and Vice-Secretary of Pontifical Commission of Justice and Peace (1968–1971.11.18)
  • Joseph Zhang Wei-zhu (張維柱) (first Chinese and secular priest) (1992, with clandestine episcopal consecration)

Military[edit]

Xinxiang is the headquarters of the 83rd Group Army of the People's Liberation Army, one of the three group armies that comprise the Jinan Military Region responsible for the defense of the Yellow River plain.[21]

Administration[edit]

Map including Xinxiang (labeled 新鄉 HSIN-HSIANG (SINSIANG)) (AMS, 1955)

The prefecture-level city administers 4 districts, 3 county-level cities and 5 counties.

Map

Economy[edit]

Frestech, a major home appliance company, was located in Xinxiang prior to its liquidation in 2018.[22] One of the business units spun off in Frestech's dissolution, Xinfei Electric Group, continues to operate in Xinxiang.[23] Xinfei Electric Group, now a wholly-owned subsidy of Aviation Industry Corporation of China, produces refrigerated trucks, military vehicles, RVs, modular building structures, precision equipment, refrigerators, air conditioners, and environmental control equipment.[23]

Other important enterprises located in Xinxiang include Golden Dragon Copper Group, Bailu Chemical Fibre, Henan Kelong Group, and AVIC XINHANG Industry Corporation.[24]

Agriculture and textiles[edit]

Textiles and processed food are also major products of Xinxiang.[25] As an old textiles base, the cotton industry is very developed in Xinxiang.[26]

Transport[edit]

A street in Xinxiang

Xinxiang serves as a rail junction and industrial center at the head of navigation on the Wei River. The Wei River, made navigable for small vessels by river improvements in the 1950s, links the city with Tianjin.[27]

Railways[edit]

Xinxiang is located at the junction of the Beijing-Guangzhou, Xinxiang-Yueshan, Xinxiang-Yanzhou, and Zhengzhou–Jinan Railways. The Xinxiang metro area has two major railway stations: Xinxiang Railway Station in Weibin and Xinxiang East Railway Station in Muye.

Expressways[edit]

National highways[edit]

Education and research[edit]

Xinxiang is a major city for research appearing among the top 200 cities in the world by scientific research outputs as of 2023, as tracked by the Nature Index.[28]

There are several universities and colleges located in the prefecture-level city.[29]

Sister cities[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ 最新人口信息 www.hongheiku.com (in Chinese). hongheiku. Retrieved 2021-01-12.
  2. ^ a b "China: Hénán (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2021-11-26.
  3. ^ 河南省统计局、国家统计局河南调查总队 (November 2017). 《河南统计年鉴-2017》. 中国统计出版社. ISBN 978-7-5037-8268-8. Archived from the original on 2018-11-15. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
  4. ^ "河南统计年鉴—2017". www.ha.stats.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2018-11-15. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
  5. ^ "为何说河南省地理位置非常优越?_澎湃号·政务_澎湃新闻-The Paper". www.thepaper.cn. Retrieved 2024-03-16.
  6. ^ Sima Qian; Sima Tan (1959) [90s BCE]. "4: 周本紀". Shiji 史記 [Records of the Grand Historian]. Zhonghua Shuju.
  7. ^ "欢迎来到新乡县". jiaxiangwang.com (in Chinese). Retrieved 2024-02-26.
  8. ^ "Economic powerhouse reaches for greater success". China Daily. 2008-04-29. Retrieved 2024-02-26.
  9. ^ "Flood toll rises in central China, as tens of thousands evacuated". www.aljazeera.com. 2021-07-22. Archived from the original on 2021-08-12. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
  10. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  11. ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  12. ^ Boren, Zach (2015-04-20). "China launches biggest ever smog monitoring drive — and what the data tells us". Greenpeace. Archived from the original on 2021-08-05. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
  13. ^ "Xinxiang 天气".
  14. ^ "World's Most Polluted Cities in 2020 - PM2.5 Ranking". IQAir. Archived from the original on 2021-03-21. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
  15. ^ "World's Most Polluted Cities in 2020 - PM2.5 Ranking". IQAir. Archived from the original on 2021-08-12. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
  16. ^ a b c d 2017年麦收河南新乡随机抽取12个麦样,全是“镉麦”. goufenxiang.cn (in Chinese). 2017-06-30. Archived from the original on 2021-08-14. Retrieved 2021-08-14.
  17. ^ Yuan, Suwen; Li, Rongde (2017-08-15). "Battery Factory Boom Leaves Toxic Legacy". Caixin. Archived from the original on 2021-08-14. Retrieved 2021-08-14.
  18. ^ 河南牧野环保局回应“镉麦”:政府已经全数收购 (in Chinese). Caixin. 2016-08-30. Archived from the original on 2021-08-14. Retrieved 2021-08-14.
  19. ^ Zhou, Tailai (2016-08-30). "NGO questions Xinxiang's claim it bought all cadmium-laced wheat". Caixin. Archived from the original on 2018-07-02. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
  20. ^ "河南新乡小麦"镉污染"调查:超标1.7倍至12.8倍_中证网". www.cs.com.cn. Retrieved 2024-03-16.
  21. ^ "市领导春节前夕慰问驻新部队官兵". www.xinxiang.gov.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  22. ^ "新飞电器正式申请破产拍卖 冰箱产销量曾稳居全国第二_中国经济网——国家经济门户". www.ce.cn. Retrieved 2024-03-16.
  23. ^ a b 集团概况 [Group overview]. www.xinfeijituan.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2021-08-12. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
  24. ^ "关于科隆 - 河南科隆集团有限公司". www.hnkl.com.cn. Retrieved 2024-03-16.
  25. ^ "特刊丨产业链观察:一座城 一条链·走进新乡-手机大河网". 5g.dahe.cn. Retrieved 2024-03-16.
  26. ^ "【关于新乡市农产品深加工业基本情况的报告】-国家发展和改革委员会". www.ndrc.gov.cn. Retrieved 2024-03-16.
  27. ^ "隋大运河永济渠,在冀南一县的前世今生". 163.com (in Chinese). 26 June 2023. Retrieved 2024-02-26.
  28. ^ "Leading 200 science cities | Nature Index 2023 Science Cities | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Retrieved 2023-11-22.
  29. ^ S.L.U, Course Guru. "All Universities in Xinxiang". UniversityGuru. Retrieved 2023-11-22.
  30. ^ "English". www.htu.edu.cn. Retrieved 2024-03-16.
  31. ^ "河南科技学院".
  32. ^ "新乡医学院". www.xxmu.edu.cn. Retrieved 2024-03-16.

Sources and external links[edit]