1926 Ontario general election

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1926 Ontario general election

← 1923 December 1, 1926 1929 →

112 seats in the 17th Legislative Assembly of Ontario
57 seats were needed for a majority
  First party Second party
  LIB
Leader George Howard Ferguson W.E.N. Sinclair
Party Conservative Liberal
Leader since December 2, 1920 1923
Leader's seat Grenville Ontario South
Last election 75 14
Seats won 72 14
Seat change Decrease3 Steady
Percentage 57.6% 17.2%
Swing Increase7.8pp Decrease4.1pp

  Third party Fourth party
  UFO
Leader William Raney Leslie Oke
Party Progressive United Farmers
Leader since January 1925 -
Leader's seat Prince Edward Lambton East
Last election split from UFO 17
Seats won 10 3
Seat change Increase10 Decrease14
Percentage 6.3% 1.3%
Swing Decrease19.8pp

Premier before election

G. Howard Ferguson
Conservative

Premier after election

G. Howard Ferguson
Conservative

The 1926 Ontario general election was the 17th general election held in the Province of Ontario, Canada. It was held on December 1, 1926, to elect the 112 Members of the 17th Legislative Assembly of Ontario ("MLAs").[1]

Campaign[edit]

The United Farmers of Ontario decided to withdraw from electoral politics after having been defeated in the 1923 election, and most of its MPPs redesignated themselves as Progressives with former UFO Attorney-General William Edgar Raney becoming party leader. Nevertheless, several MPPs, including Raney himself, continued to run as candidates endorsed by local UFO associations.

Leslie Oke and Beniah Bowman were opposed to Raney's leadership as he was not a farmer. They were also opposed to the creation of a new Progressive Party which would not focus exclusively on farmers' issues, so they chose to remain as UFO MPPs. Bowman later resigned from the legislature before the election.

The Ontario Conservative Party, led by Howard Ferguson, was re-elected for a second term in government. There were several disputes in the selection of candidates: in Port Arthur, Donald Hogarth was one of two Conservative candidates—the other being the incumbent Francis Keefer—who were selected in parallel meetings arising from a dispute over the validity of the list of delegates.[2]

The principal issue of the campaign was the government's proposal to repeal the Ontario Temperance Act, replacing prohibition with government control of liquor sales. The Daily British Whig described it as "the greatest issue that has ever been placed before [the voters]".[3] The Liberal and Progressive parties both campaigned against repeal, and one of Ferguson's ministers, William Folger Nickle, resigned from the cabinet and ran for re-election against the government as a Prohibitionist candidate. Raney proposed that the Progressives and Liberals work in concert to support a single dry ticket in certain ridings, which led to the nomination of 27 Prohibitionist candidates.[3] In other ridings, the two parties tended to avoid campaigning against each other, in order to minimize the split of the temperance vote.[4]

The Conservatives fielded candidates in all but two ridings, and three of them were returned by acclamation. In 54 two-way contests, the Liberals declined to field a candidate in favour of an ally considered more likely to gain votes. There were only 15 three-cornered races, one four-way and one five-way battles.

Riding contests, by number of candidates (1926)
Candidates Con Lib Prog L-P UFO Lab I-Con I-Lib Ind-Prog Proh LL L-Proh LLP Total
1 3 3
2 90 38 13 10 3 2 1 1 1 20 1 3 1 184
3 17 8 3 1 3 6 1 5 1 45
4 1 1 1 1 4
5 1 1 2 1 5
Total 112 48 16 10 4 3 7 7 2 27 2 3 1 241

Several Liberals, protesting their party's temperance stand, chose to stand as Independent-Liberals.[3]

Outcome[edit]

The Ontario Liberal Party, led by W.E.N. Sinclair, obtained 13 seats, while the Progressives won 10. Five Liberal-Progressive candidates were also elected, along with several independents. The selection of Liberal-Progressive candidates was complex in some cases: in Victoria North, William Newman was selected by the Progressives, while W.G. Carley was the Liberal nominee. Newman was named as the L-P candidate in a joint meeting of the local parties.[5][a]

Oke was the only UFO MPP who was re-elected as such, and he was joined by Thomas Farquhar from Manitoulin and Farquhar Oliver from Grey South. The latter won with the assistance of federal MP Agnes MacPhail.

Karl Homuth of Waterloo South was the only Labour MPP returned. His support of the government (and eventual admission to the Conservative caucus after the election) led to Labour's collapse as a party.[4]

The fracture of the UFO, together with a large number of resignations from MPPs (of which five chose to run federally in 1925, and two more in 1926) significantly changed the composition of the Assembly.

Post-election scandals[edit]

After the election, the Toronto Star reported accusations of corrupt payments during the campaign:[7]

  • In Bruce South, the Liberal candidate (and former MLA in 1911-1914) J.G. Anderson consented to withdraw his nomination upon being paid $1,250 by the Prohibition Union to cover expenses related to the election.
  • In Kent East, the former Progressive Candidate W.J.Cryderman stated that an unnamed Liberal had offered him $500 cash plus a Dominion government position if he withdrew his nomination.
  • In Perth South, the Progressive candidate W.A. McKenzie was twice offered payments by the Prohibition Union if he withdrew his nomination. He did withdraw, but returned both cheques because of their blatant illegality.

The election in Bruce South was later declared void in June 1927.[8]

Pre-election timeline[edit]

Changes in seats held (1923–1926)
Seat Before Change
Date Member Party Reason Date Member Party
Lennox August 23, 1923 John Perry Vrooman  Liberal Died in office October 22, 1923 Charles Wesley Hambly  Conservative
Toronto Northwest - A May 15, 1924 Thomas Crawford  Conservative Accepted provincial appointment July 7, 1924 William Henry Edwards  Conservative
Simcoe South April 14, 1925 William Earl Rowe  Conservative Resigned to run in 1925 federal election  Vacant
Kenora April 14, 1925 Peter Heenan  Labour Resigned to run in 1925 federal election  Vacant
Cochrane April 14, 1925 Malcolm Lang  Liberal Resigned to run in 1925 federal election  Vacant
Norfolk North April 14, 1925 George David Sewell  Progressive Resigned to run in 1925 federal election  Vacant
Grey Centre April 14, 1925 Dougall Carmichael  Progressive Resigned to run in 1925 federal election  Vacant
Kent East April 14, 1925 Manning William Doherty  Progressive Resigned seat to promote cooperative movement  Vacant
London August 15, 1925 Adam Beck  Conservative Died in office  Vacant
Middlesex East April 8, 1926 John Willard Freeborn  Progressive Resigned to run in 1926 federal election  Vacant
Manitoulin April 8, 1926 Beniah Bowman  United Farmers Resigned to run in 1926 federal election  Vacant
Kent West October 11, 1926 Robert Livingstone Brackin  Liberal Died in office  Vacant

Redistribution of seats[edit]

Toronto ridings, as constituted in 1914
Toronto ridings as reconstituted in 1926

A 1925 Act provided for the redistribution of the Legislative Assembly into 112 ridings for the election.[9]

The dual-member ridings in the City of Toronto, in effect since the 1914 election, were abolished and replaced by single-member seats:

Abolished ridings New ridings
Split between St. David, St. George and Riverdale
  1. ^ Also absorbed parts of York East and York West.
  2. ^ Originally named Sherbourne in the 1925 Act; subsequently renamed in the 1926 Act.

Beaches was drawn out from York East, and High Park from York West.

There were other changes made to ridings elsewhere in the Province:

A further Act in 1926 merged Simcoe South and Simcoe West into Simcoe Southwest, and divided Cochrane into Cochrane North and Cochrane South.[10]

Raney complained that the net effect of the redistribution was to transfer up to 11 seats from rural to urban voters, and thus "to secure the re-election of the Ferguson Government".[11]

Results[edit]

Elections to the 17th Parliament of Ontario (1926)
Political party Party leader MPPs Votes
Candidates 1923 Dissol. 1926 ± # % ± (pp)
Conservative Howard Ferguson 112 75 74 73 2Decrease 640,515 55.87% 6.10Increase
Liberal W.E.N. Sinclair 48 14 11 13 1Decrease 196,813 17.17% 4.16Decrease
Progressive William Raney 16 11 10 10Increase 72,277 6.30% Split from UFO
Liberal–Progressive 10 5 5Increase 48,619 4.24% New
United Farmers Leslie Oke 3 17 1 3 14Decrease 15,417 1.34% 19.60Decrease
Labour 3 4 3 1 3Decrease 14,794 1.29% 3.46Decrease
Independent 1 1 1Decrease Did not campaign
Independent Liberal 7 1 4 4Increase 21,002 1.83% New
Independent Conservative 7 1 1Increase 20,144 1.76% New
  Liberal-Prohibitionist 3 1 1Increase 11,526 1.01% New
Independent Progressive 2 1 1Increase 6,029 0.51% New
Prohibitionist 27 92,435 8.06% New
  Liberal-Labour 2 4,633 0.40% New
  Liberal-Labour-Prohibitionist 1 2,298 0.20% New
Vacant 10
Total 241 111 111 112 1,146,502 100.00%
Blank and invalid ballots 6,785
Registered voters / turnout 1,792,757 63.95% 5.61Increase
Seats and popular vote by party
Party Seats Votes Change (pp)
 Conservative
73 / 112
55.87%
6.10 6.1
 
 Liberal
13 / 112
17.17%
-4.16
 
 Progressive
10 / 112
6.30%
6.30 6.3
 
 Liberal–Progressive
5 / 112
4.24%
4.24 4.24
 
 United Farmers
3 / 112
1.34%
-19.60
 
 Labour
1 / 112
1.29%
-3.47
 
 Other
7 / 112
5.73%
2.53 2.53
 
 Prohibitionist
0 / 112
8.06%
8.06 8.06
 

Synopsis of results[edit]

Results by riding - 1926 Ontario general election[12][a 1][a 2]
Riding Winning party Turnout
[a 3]
Votes
# Name Party Votes Share Margin
#
Margin
%
Con Lib Proh Prog L-Prog UFO Labour I-Lib I-Con I-Prog L-Proh LL LLP Total
 
001 Addington Con acclaimed
002 Algoma Con 3,554 61.50% 1,329 23.00% 54.94% 3,554 2,225 5,779
003 Brant County Prog 4,114 55.70% 842 11.40% 70.74% 3,272 4,114 7,386
004 Brantford Con 7,751 55.73% 1,595 11.47% 71.11% 7,751 6,156 13,907
005 Brockville Con 4,881 60.69% 1,720 21.39% 71.92% 4,881 3,161 8,042
006 Bruce North Lib 3,601 38.39% 663 7.07% 69.63% 2,938 3,601 2,840 9,379
007 Bruce South Prog 4,922 50.66% 128 1.32% 72.30% 4,794 4,922 9,716
008 Carleton Con 4,530 60.18% 1,533 20.37% 61.02% 4,530 2,997 7,527
009 Cochrane North Con 2,886 54.35% 462 8.70% 56.22% 2,886 2,424 5,310
010 Cochrane South Con 5,124 68.17% 2,732 36.35% 38.49% 5,124 2,392 7,516
011 Dufferin Prog 4,478 58.87% 1,349 17.73% 73.73% 3,129 4,478 7,607
012 Dundas L-Proh 4,407 55.22% 833 10.44% 76.76% 3,574 4,407 7,981
013 Durham Lib 6,639 55.27% 1,267 10.55% 73.87% 5,372 6,639 12,011
014 Elgin East Lib 4,122 55.51% 818 11.02% 71.48% 3,304 4,122 7,426
015 Elgin West Con 6,818 52.52% 655 5.05% 65.80% 6,818 6,163 12,981
016 Essex North Con acclaimed
017 Essex South Lib 4,560 51.20% 213 2.39% 65.34% 4,347 4,560 8,907
018 Fort William Con 5,286 76.10% 3,626 52.20% 50.56% 5,286 1,660 6,946
019 Frontenac—Lennox Lib 4,625 53.24% 563 6.48% 66.49% 4,062 4,625 8,687
020 Glengarry Con 4,442 63.17% 1,852 26.34% 63.81% 4,442 2,590 7,032
021 Grenville Con 4,617 58.02% 1,277 16.05% 75.71% 4,617 3,340 7,957
022 Grey North Prog 8,423 63.95% 3,674 27.89% 67.85% 4,749 8,423 13,172
023 Grey South UFO 7,100 54.45% 1,160 8.90% 72.16% 5,940 7,100 13,040
024 Haldimand Lib 5,212 53.97% 767 7.94% 73.29% 4,445 5,212 9,657
025 Halton Con 6,164 51.53% 365 3.05% 73.34% 6,164 5,799 11,963
026 Hamilton Centre Con 9,784 75.90% 7,094 55.03% 62.30% 9,784 2,690 416 12,890
027 Hamilton East Con 10,174 69.07% 5,617 38.13% 64.76% 10,174 4,557 14,731
028 Hamilton West Con 8,436 73.48% 5,392 46.97% 65.73% 8,436 3,044 11,480
029 Hastings East Con 3,983 62.68% 1,612 25.37% 67.43% 3,983 2,371 6,354
030 Hastings North Con 4,008 67.23% 2,054 34.45% 60.92% 4,008 1,954 5,962
031 Hastings West Con 6,273 61.96% 2,421 23.91% 70.54% 6,273 3,852 10,125
032 Huron North Lib 6,386 58.97% 1,942 17.93% 73.57% 4,444 6,386 10,830
033 Huron South Prog 6,003 57.93% 1,644 15.87% 72.86% 4,359 6,003 10,362
034 Kent East Prog 4,562 51.67% 1,252 14.18% 73.73% 3,310 957 4,562 8,829
035 Kent West Con 8,443 57.24% 2,135 14.47% 64.22% 8,443 6,308 14,751
036 Kenora Con 2,641 52.30% 400 7.92% 52.13% 2,641 168 2,241 5,050
037 Kingston Con 6,705 60.45% 2,319 20.91% 76.05% 6,705 4,386 11,091
038 Lambton East UFO 6,075 57.88% 1,654 15.76% 68.57% 4,421 6,075 10,496
039 Lambton West Con 7,092 60.72% 2,504 21.44% 68.73% 7,092 4,588 11,680
040 Lanark North Con 3,589 51.70% 236 3.40% 70.61% 3,589 3,353 6,942
041 Lanark South Con 3,870 56.77% 923 13.54% 62.49% 3,870 2,947 6,817
042 Leeds Con 3,702 51.48% 213 2.96% 69.36% 3,702 3,489 7,191
043 Lincoln Prog 4,348 56.37% 983 12.74% 65.45% 3,365 4,348 7,713
044 London North Con 7,763 61.83% 2,970 23.65% 60.55% 7,763 4,793 12,556
045 London South Con 9,064 63.17% 3,779 26.34% 69.15% 9,064 5,285 14,349
046 Manitoulin UFO 2,242 51.13% 99 2.26% 65.26% 2,143 2,242 4,385
047 Middlesex North I-Prog 5,861 56.04% 1,264 12.09% 73.06% 4,597 5,861 10,458
048 Middlesex West Prog 5,723 63.36% 2,413 26.71% 66.94% 3,310 5,723 9,033
049 Muskoka Con 4,206 57.83% 1,139 15.66% 65.47% 4,206 3,067 7,273
050 Niagara Falls Con 7,900 68.58% 4,281 37.16% 52.80% 7,900 3,619 11,519
051 Nipissing Con 5,215 61.09% 3,414 39.99% 55.81% 5,215 1,521 1,801 8,537
052 Norfolk Con 7,421 54.64% 1,260 9.28% 79.24% 7,421 6,161 13,582
053 Northumberland Lib 7,612 53.46% 985 6.92% 72.27% 6,627 7,612 14,239
054 Ontario North Prog 3,878 55.58% 779 11.17% 75.02% 3,099 3,878 6,977
055 Ontario South Lib 8,901 57.30% 2,268 14.60% 72.73% 6,633 8,901 15,534
056 Ottawa East I-Lib 5,195 43.86% 418 3.53% 53.60% 4,777 5,195 1,872 11,844
057 Ottawa North Con 9,042 67.59% 4,707 35.19% 43.91% 9,042 4,335 13,377
058 Ottawa South Con 9,171 62.27% 3,615 24.55% 56.95% 9,171 5,556 14,727
059 Oxford North L-Prog 6,012 58.88% 1,813 17.76% 68.51% 4,199 6,012 10,211
060 Oxford South L-Prog 5,793 56.97% 1,418 13.95% 73.59% 4,375 5,793 10,168
061 Parry Sound Con 4,628 60.85% 1,650 21.69% 57.33% 4,628 2,978 7,606
062 Peel Con 6,193 51.50% 361 3.00% 68.46% 6,193 5,832 12,025
063 Perth North Con 7,350 55.97% 1,568 11.94% 61.23% 7,350 5,782 13,132
064 Perth South Lib 4,176 53.14% 494 6.29% 70.66% 3,682 4,176 7,858
065 Peterborough City Con 6,396 57.33% 1,636 14.66% 72.87% 6,396 4,760 11,156
066 Peterborough County Lib 3,261 54.57% 546 9.14% 67.35% 2,715 3,261 5,976
067 Port Arthur Con 2,683 38.31% 172 2.46% 60.40% 5,194[a 4] 1,810 7,004
068 Prescott I-Lib 2,855 35.56% 24 0.30% 66.17% 5,173[a 4] 2,855 8,028
069 Prince Edward Prog 4,378 50.28% 49 0.56% 80.46% 4,329 4,378 8,707
070 Rainy River Con 2,230 48.18% 777 16.79% 55.89% 2,230 1,453 945 4,628
071 Renfrew North Con 5,000 59.74% 1,630 19.47% 58.40% 5,000 3,370 8,370
072 Renfrew South Con 5,208 56.92% 1,267 13.85% 63.27% 5,208 3,941 9,149
073 Russell I-Lib 5,231 42.86% 983 8.05% 66.40% 4,248 2,725 5,231 12,204
074 St. Catharines I-Con 8,669 72.91% 5,448 45.82% 60.51% 3,221 8,669 11,890
075 Sault Ste. Marie Con 5,497 77.38% 3,890 54.76% 38.96% 5,497 1,607 7,104
076 Simcoe Centre Con 5,315 50.93% 195 1.87% 70.47% 5,315 5,120 10,435
077 Simcoe East Con 7,312 55.84% 1,530 11.68% 71.09% 7,312 5,782 13,094
078 Simcoe Southwest L-Prog 5,779 52.03% 452 4.07% 68.41% 5,327 5,779 11,106
079 Stormont Con 7,101 65.97% 3,438 31.94% 66.98% 7,101 3,663 10,764
080 Sturgeon Falls I-Lib 2,043 49.26% 103 2.48% 50.97% 1,940 164 2,043 4,147
081 Sudbury Con acclaimed
082 Temiskaming Con 4,048 63.79% 1,750 27.58% 45.36% 4,048 2,298 6,346
083 Victoria North L-Prog 3,207 52.26% 277 4.51% 70.03% 2,930 3,207 6,137
084 Victoria South L-Prog 4,632 53.38% 587 6.77% 74.48% 4,045 4,632 8,677
085 Waterloo North Con 9,500 69.03% 5,238 38.06% 49.84% 9,500 4,262 13,762
086 Waterloo South Lab 9,093 62.01% 3,523 24.03% 67.91% 5,570 9,093 14,663
087 Welland Con 7,697 69.54% 4,325 39.07% 56.34% 7,697 3,372 11,069
088 Wellington Northeast Lib 6,601 62.24% 2,596 24.48% 71.26% 4,005 6,601 10,606
089 Wellington South Con 8,044 53.04% 921 6.07% 74.20% 8,044 7,123 15,167
090 Wentworth North Con 4,817 54.55% 803 9.09% 69.76% 4,817 4,014 8,831
091 Wentworth South Con 8,383 67.38% 4,324 34.75% 62.85% 8,383 4,059 12,442
092 Windsor East Con 9,750 83.70% 7,851 67.40% 48.24% 9,750 1,899 11,649
093 Windsor West Con 8,741 77.79% 6,245 55.58% 47.95% 8,741 2,496 11,237
094 Beaches Con 9,590 73.08% 6,058 46.17% 64.83% 9,590 3,532 13,122
095 Woodbine Con 9,578 78.28% 6,920 56.55% 60.61% 9,578 2,658 12,236
096 Greenwood Con 9,101 78.64% 6,629 57.28% 58.23% 9,101 2,472 11,573
097 Riverdale Con 8,832 69.12% 4,886 38.24% 61.96% 8,832 3,946 12,778
098 Eglinton Con 10,230 61.73% 3,887 23.45% 78.03% 10,230 6,343 16,573
099 St. David Con 10,948 77.68% 7,803 55.37% 62.81% 10,948 3,145 14,093
100 St. George Con 7,865 56.34% 4,881 34.97% 66.62% 7,865 729 2,984 2,381[a 4] 13,959
101 St. Patrick Con 6,339 69.64% 4,145 45.53% 65.48% 6,339 570 2,194 9,103
102 St. Andrews Con 4,536 44.00% 1,171 11.36% 67.37% 4,536 311 2,097 3,365 10,309
103 Bellwoods Con 9,452 76.79% 6,595 53.58% 62.09% 9,452 2,857 12,309
104 Bracondale Con 10,563 69.41% 7,560 49.67% 70.33% 10,563 1,653 3,003 15,219
105 Dovercourt Con 6,239 66.93% 3,156 33.86% 62.07% 6,239 3,083 9,322
106 Brockton Con 11,245 57.40% 5,810 29.65% 61.72% 11,245 5,435 2,912 19,592
107 Parkdale Con 8,915 65.44% 4,207 30.88% 66.23% 8,915 4,708 13,623
108 High Park Con 10,466 61.13% 3,810 22.25% 76.55% 10,466 6,656 17,122
109 York East Con 11,085 66.02% 5,379 32.04% 58.74% 11,085 5,706 16,791
110 York North Lib 6,009 57.49% 1,565 14.97% 75.01% 4,444 6,009 10,453
111 York South Con 10,242 66.49% 5,080 32.98% 55.36% 10,242 5,162 15,404
112 York West Con 9,927 62.20% 6,813 42.69% 63.04% 9,927 2,919 3,114 15,960
  1. ^ "1926 General Election". elections.on.ca. Elections Ontario. Retrieved August 3, 2023. EO data errors on political affiliations adjusted to conform with Canadian Annual Review listing
  2. ^ Journals of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario. Vol. 62. 1928. pp. 6–10.
  3. ^ including spoilt ballots
  4. ^ a b c two candidates nominated
  = turnout is above provincial average
  = incumbent switched allegiance for the election
  = not incumbent; previously elected as a UFO MLA
  = not incumbent; previously elected as a Labour MLA
  = not incumbent; previously elected as a Liberal-Temperance MLA
  = petition against election withdrawn
  = petition against election dismissed
  = election declared void

Notable groups of candidates[edit]

Candidates returned by acclamation[13]
Riding Party Candidate Reason
Addington  Conservative William David Black Nomination of F.A. Anglin (Prohibitionist) ruled invalid
Essex North  Conservative Paul Poisson E.P. Tellier (Liberal and incumbent MLA) withdrew his nomination
Sudbury  Conservative Charles McCrea Sole nominee
Dual nominations in the 1923 election[12]
Riding Candidate Votes Placed
Port Arthur  Conservative Donald McDonald Hogarth 2,683 1st
Francis Henry Keefer 2,511 2nd
Prescott  Conservative Edmund Mooney 2,831 2nd
Louis Beaudoin 2,342 3rd
St. George  Independent-Conservative Cecil Armstrong 1,664 3rd
Edward Owens 717 5th

See also[edit]

Notes and references[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Newman would later join the Liberal caucus in January 1927, upon being instructed by the Clerk of the Legislature to make a choice as to which leader to sit behind. He had wanted to remain a member of the Liberal-Progressive group. J.H. Mitchell (Simcoe Southwest) joined him in the move, saying that he "has always been a Liberal".[6]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "1926 General Election". Elections Ontario. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  2. ^ "Two Conservatives Run Same Riding". Oshawa Daily Reformer. November 11, 1926. p. 2.
  3. ^ a b c Bradburn, Jamie (May 9, 2018). "Booze, bullying, and moral panic: The temperance election of 1926". tvo.org. TV Ontario.
  4. ^ a b Canadian Annual Review 1927, p. 309.
  5. ^ "Fusionist Chosen". Oshawa Daily Reformer. November 1, 1926. p. 8.
  6. ^ "Simcoe Member to back Sinclair". Oshawa Daily Reformer. January 14, 1927. p. 1.
  7. ^ "Election Scandals". The Canadian Champion. Milton. December 9, 1926. p. 2.
  8. ^ Journals of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario. Vol. 62. 1928. pp. 9–10.
  9. ^ The Representation Act, 1925, S.O. 1925, c. 7
  10. ^ The Representation Act, 1926, S.O. 1926, c. 2
  11. ^ Canadian Annual Review 1927, p. 306.
  12. ^ a b Canadian Annual Review 1927, pp. 309–312.
  13. ^ Canadian Annual Review 1927, pp. 308–309.

Further reading[edit]